Secure Telephone Unit Key Generators

 
Secure Telephone Unit Key Generators Rating: 3,3/5 9095 reviews

Power Security Generators Ltd, Unit 3B, Tonbridge Works Tonbridge Road Harold Hill, Romford Essex, RM3 8TS Phil Clayden. Service director Jim Shaw. If you don’t want to receive security codes by text or phone call, you can set up an authentication app on your device to generate security codes. Choose a device, such as a computer or mobile device (phone or tablet), on which you can install apps. HY-2 a vocoder for long haul circuits designed to work with the KG-13 key generator. Secure Terminal Equipment (STE) - This system is intended to replace STU-III. It uses wide-bandwidth voice transmitted over ISDN lines. There is also a version which will communicate over a PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) line. This class provides the functionality of a secret (symmetric) key generator. Key generators are constructed using one of the getInstance class methods of this class. KeyGenerator objects are reusable, i.e., after a key has been generated, the same KeyGenerator object can be re-used to generate further keys.


Perfect Passwords
GRC's Ultra High Security
Password Generator
2,571 sets of passwords generated per day
33,541,153 sets of passwords generated for our visitors
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Generating long, high-quality random passwords is
not simple. So here is some totally random raw
material, generated just for YOU, to start with.

Every time this page is displayed, our server generates a unique set of custom, high quality, cryptographic-strength password strings which are safe for you to use:

Secure Telephone Unit Key Generators For Sale

64 random hexadecimal characters (0-9 and A-F):
20D97ACBCFE7DB9018AF37BA94898B4CAB0E8334EFC4974928C8824D61E03AC0

63 random printable ASCII characters:
_q6cDk0&PrB+vowA*'/U6L9S!X,Ywoe`/3MgmfLG8)_fcE_39ml9zh,F'D2IL=

63 random alpha-numeric characters (a-z, A-Z, 0-9):
kIicltUAOiiQZ7mSCJUgQXlTgH4dMKBl29jEHyShoEQl4xhVbT9C3TgkDSU8tVc
KeySecure telephone unit key generators for sale
Click your web browser's 'refresh' button a few times and watch the password strings change each time.

What makes these perfect and safe?
Every one is completely random (maximum entropy) without any pattern, and the cryptographically-strong pseudo random number generator we use guarantees that no similar strings will ever be produced again.

Also, because this page will only allow itself to be displayed over a snoop-proof and proxy-proof high-security SSL connection, and it is marked as having expired back in 1999, this page which was custom generated just now for you will not be cached or visible to anyone else.

Therefore, these password strings are just for you. No one else can ever see them or get them. You may safely take these strings as they are, or use chunks from several to build your own if you prefer, or do whatever you want with them. Each set displayed are totally, uniquely yours — forever.

The 'Application Notes' section below discusses various aspects of using these random passwords for locking down wireless WEP and WPA networks, for use as VPN shared secrets, as well as for other purposes.

The 'Techie Details' section at the end describes exactly how these super-strong maximum-entropy passwords are generated (to satisfy the uber-geek inside you).



Application Notes:

A note about 'random' and 'pseudo-random' terminology:
https://treecome279.weebly.com/blog/aftershot-pro-2-mac-download. Throughout this page I use the shorthand term 'random' instead of the longer but more precise term 'pseudo-random'. I use the output of this page — myself — for any purpose, without hesitation, any time I need a chunk of randomness because there is no better place to find anything more trusted, random and safe. The 'pseudo-randomness' of these numbers does not make them any less good.

There are ways to generate absolutely random numbers, but computer algorithms cannot be used for that, since, by definition, no deterministic mathematical algorithm can generate a random result. Electrical and mechanical noise found in chaotic physical systems can be tapped and used as a source of true randomness, but this is much more than is needed for our purposes here. High quality algorithms are sufficient.

The deterministic binary noise generated by my server, which is then converted into various displayable formats, is derived from the highest quality mathematical pseudo-random algorithms known. In other words, these password strings are as random as anything non-random can be.

This page's password 'raw material':
The raw password material is provided in several formats to support its use in many different applications. Each of the password strings on the page is generated independently of every other, based upon its own unique pseudo-random binary data. So there is no underlying similarity in the data among the various format passwords.

64 hex characters = 256 binary bits:

36F3EA0CF9E037C0D881C73B5E749187B93231DADF7E759D38CC4313BE9FB615
Each of the 64 hexadecimal characters encodes 4 bits of binary data, so the entire 64 characters is equivalent to 256 binary bits — which is the actual binary key length used by the WiFi WPA pre-shared key (PSK). Some WPA-PSK user interfaces (such as the one in Windows XP) allows the 256-bit WPA pre-shared key to be directly provided as 64 hexadecimal characters. This is a precise means for supplying the WPA keying material, but it is ONLY useful if ALL of the devices in a WPA-protected WiFi network allow the 256-bit keying material to be specified as raw hex. If any device did not support this mode of specification (and most do not) it would not be able to join the network.

Using fewer hex characters for WEP encryption:
If some of your WiFi network cannot support the newer and much stronger (effectively unbreakable when used with maximum-entropy keys like these) WPA encryption system, you'll be forced either to run two WiFi networks in parallel (which is totally feasible — one super-secure and one at lower security) or to downgrade your entire network to weaker WEP encryption. Still, ANY encryption is better than no encryption.

WEP key strength (key length) is sometimes confusing because, although there are only two widely accepted standard lengths, 40-bit and 104-bit, those lengths are sometimes confused by adding the 24-bit IV (initialization vector) counter to the length, resulting in 64-bit and 128-bit total key lengths.

However, the user only ever specifies a key of either 40 or 104 binary bits. Since WEP keys should always be specified in their hexadecimal form to guarantee device interaction, and since each hex digit represents 4 binary bits of the key, 40 and 104 bit keys are represented by 10 and 26 hex digits respectively. So you may simply snip off whatever length of random hex characters you require for your system's WEP key. Studio one 4 product key generator.

Note that if all of your equipment supports the use of the new longer 256/232 bit WEP keys, you would use 232/4 or 58 hexadecimal characters for your pre-shared key.


63 printable ASCII characters hashed down to 256 binary bits:

0xCp'Q@wo~/4'uwA&Q_rjt&(opC544cRr>-Kzqd/rp!bqT6P3an7URlRUW=!w
The more 'standard' means for specifying the 256-bits of WPA keying material is for the user to specify a string of up to 63 printable ASCII characters. This string is then 'hashed' along with the network's SSID designation to form a cryptographically strong 256-bit result which is then used by all devices within the WPA-secured WiFi network. (The ASCII character set was updated to remove SPACE characters since a number of WPA devices were not handling spaces as they should.)


The 63 alphanumeric-only character subset:

PsWAmBafnOXXnPpbrCdao3zKebwKy5kV7CrjbWGBSWv5LjXnvPLwIU7lYAPUcUh
If some device was not following the WiFi Alliance WPA specification by not hashing the entire printable ASCII character set correctly, it would end up with a different 256-bit hash result than devices that correctly obeyed the specification. It would then be unable to connect to any network that uses the full range of printable ASCII characters.

Since we have heard unconfirmed anecdotal reports of such non-compliant WPA devices (and since you might have one), this page also offers 'junior' WPA password strings using only the 'easy' ASCII characters which even any non-fully-specification-compliant device would have to be able to properly handle. If you find that using the full random ASCII character set within your WPA-PSK protected WiFi network causes one of your devices to be unable to connect to your WPA protected access point, you can downgrade your WPA network to 'easy ASCII' by using one of these easy keys.

And don't worry for a moment about using an easy ASCII key. If you still use a full-length 63 character key, your entire network will still be EXTREMELY secure. And PLEASE drop us a line to let us know that you have such a device and what it is!


Shorter pieces are random too:
A beneficial property of these maximum entropy pseudo-random passwords is their lack of 'inter-symbol memory.' This means that in a string of symbols, any of the possible password symbols is equally likely to occur next. This is important if your application requires you to use shorter password strings. Any 'sub-string' of symbols will be just as random and high quality as any other.


When does size matter?
The use of these maximum-entropy passwords minimizes (essentially zeroes) the likelihood of successful 'dictionary attacks' since these passwords won't appear in any dictionary. So you should always try to use passwords like these.

When these passwords are used to generate pre-shared keys for protecting WPA WiFi and VPN networks, the only known attack is the use of 'brute force' — trying every possible password combination. /rainbow-six-siege-free-steam-key-generator.html. Brute force attackers hope that the network's designer (you) were lazy and used a shorter password for 'convenience'. So they start by trying all one-character passwords, then two-character, then three and so on, working their way up toward longer random passwords.

Since the passwords used to generate pre-shared keys are configured into the network only once, and do not need to be entered by their users every time, the best practice is to use the longest possible password and never worry about your password security again.

Note that while this 'the longer the better' rule of thumb is always true, long passwords won't protect legacy WEP-protected networks due to well known and readily exploited weaknesses in the WEP keying system and its misuse of WEP's RC4 encryption. With WEP protection, even a highly random maximum-entropy key can be cracked in a few hours. (Listen to Security Now! episode #11 for the full story on cracking WEP security.)


The Techie Details:
Since its introduction, this Perfect Passwords page has generated a great deal of interest. A number of people have wished to duplicate this page on their own sites, and others have wanted to know exactly how these super-strong and guaranteed-to-be-unique never repeating passwords are generated. The following diagram and discussion provides full disclosure of the pseudo-random number generating algorithm I employed to create the passwords on this page:



While the diagram above might at first seem a bit confusing, it is a common and well understood configuration of standard cryptographic elements. A succinct written description of the algorithm would read: 'Rijndael (AES) block encryption of never-repeating counter values in CBC mode.'
CBC stands for 'Cipher Block Chaining' and, as I describe in detail in the second half of Security Now! Episode #107, CBC provides necessary security in situations where some repetition or predictability of the 'plaintext' message is present. Since the 'plaintext' in this instance is a large 128-bit steadily-increasing (monotonic) counter value (which gives us our guaranteed never-to-repeat property, but is also extremely predictable) we need to scramble it so that the value being encrypted cannot be predicted. This is what 'CBC' does: As the diagram above shows, the output from the previous encryption operation is 'fed back' and XOR-mixed with the incrementing counter value. This prevents the possibility of determining the secret key by analysing successive counter encryption results.
One last detail: Since there is no 'output from the previous encryption' to be used during the encryption of the first block, the switch shown in the diagram above is used to supply a 128-bit 'Initialization Vector' (which is just 128-bits of secret random data) for the XOR-mixing of the first counter value. Thus, the first encryption is performed on a mixture of the 128-bit counter and the 'Initialization Vector' value, and subsequent encryptions are performed on the mixture of the incrementing counter and the previous encrypted result.
The result of the combination of the 256-bit Rijndael/AES secret key, the unknowable (therefore secret) present value of the 128-bit monotonically incrementing counter, and the 128-bit secret Initialization Vector (IV) is 512-bits of secret data providing extremely high security for the generation of this page's 'perfect passwords'. No one is going to figure out what passwords you have just received.
How much security do 512 binary bits provide? Well, 2^512 (2 raised to the power of 512) is the total number of possible combinations of those 512 binary bits — every single bit of which actively participates in determining this page's successive password sequence. 2^512 is approximately equal to: 1.34078079 x 10^154, which is this rather amazing number:
13, 407, 807, 929, 942, 597, 099, 574, 024, 998, 205,
846, 127, 479, 365, 820, 592, 393, 377, 723, 561, 443,
721, 764, 030, 073, 546, 976, 801, 874, 298, 166, 903,
427, 690, 031, 858, 186, 486, 050, 853, 753, 882, 811,
946, 569, 946, 433, 649, 060, 084, 096
As far as the crypto experts know, the only workable 'attack' on the Rijndael (AES) cipher lying at the heart of this system is 'brute force' — which means trying each one of those many combinations of 512 bits. In other words, the passwords being generated by GRC's server and presented for your exclusive use on this page, are safe.

Gibson Research Corporation is owned and operated by Steve Gibson. The contents
of this page are Copyright (c) 2016 Gibson Research Corporation. SpinRite, ShieldsUP,
NanoProbe, and any other indicated trademarks are registered trademarks of Gibson
Research Corporation, Laguna Hills, CA, USA. GRC's web and customer privacy policy.

(Redirected from COMSEC)
PRC-77 VHF radio with digital voice encryption device

Communications security is the discipline of preventing unauthorized interceptors from accessing telecommunications[1] in an intelligible form, while still delivering content to the intended recipients.

In the North Atlantic Treaty Organization culture, including United States Department of Defense culture, it is often referred to by the abbreviation COMSEC. The field includes cryptographic security, transmission security, emissions security and physical security of COMSEC equipment and associated keying material.

COMSEC is used to protect both classified and unclassified traffic on military communications networks, including voice, video, and data. It is used for both analog and digital applications, and both wired and wireless links.

Voice over secure internet protocol VOSIP has become the de facto standard for securing voice communication, replacing the need for Secure Terminal Equipment (STE) in much of NATO, including the U.S.A. USCENTCOM moved entirely to VOSIP in 2008.[2]

Specialties[edit]

  • Cryptographic security: The component of communications security that results from the provision of technically sound cryptosystems and their proper use. This includes ensuring message confidentiality and authenticity.
  • Emission security (EMSEC): The protection resulting from all measures taken to deny unauthorized persons information of value that might be derived from communications systems and cryptographic equipment intercepts and the interception and analysis of compromising emanations from cryptographic—equipment, information systems, and telecommunications systems.[1]
  • Transmission security (TRANSEC): The component of communications security that results from the application of measures designed to protect transmissions from interception and exploitation by means other than cryptanalysis (e.g. frequency hopping and spread spectrum).
  • Physical security: The component of communications security that results from all physical measures necessary to safeguard classified equipment, material, and documents from access thereto or observation thereof by unauthorized persons.

Related terms[edit]

Secure Telephone Unit Key Generators Reviews

  • AKMS = the Army Key Management System
  • AEK = Algorithmic Encryption Key
  • CT3 = Common Tier 3
  • CCI = Controlled Cryptographic Item - equipment which contains COMSEC embedded devices
  • ACES = Automated Communications Engineering Software
  • DTD = Data Transfer Device
  • ICOM = Integrated COMSEC, e.g. a radio with built in encryption
  • TEK = Traffic Encryption Key
  • TED = Trunk Encryption Device such as the WALBURN/KG family
  • KEK = Key Encryption Key
  • KPK = Key production key
  • OWK = Over the Wire Key
  • OTAR = Over the Air Rekeying
  • LCMS = Local COMSEC Management Software
  • KYK-13 = Electronic Transfer Device
  • KOI-18 = Tape Reader General Purpose
  • KYX-15 = Electronic Transfer Device
  • KG-30 = family of COMSEC equipment
  • TSEC = Telecommunications Security (sometimes referred to in error transmission security or TRANSEC)
  • SOI = Signal operating instructions
  • SKL = Simple Key Loader
  • TPI = Two person integrity
  • STU-III (obsolete secure phone, replaced by STE)
  • STE - Secure Terminal Equipment (secure phone)

Types of COMSEC equipment:

  • Crypto equipment: Any equipment that embodies cryptographic logic or performs one or more cryptographic functions (key generation, encryption, and authentication).
  • Crypto-ancillary equipment: Equipment designed specifically to facilitate efficient or reliable operation of crypto-equipment, without performing cryptographic functions itself.[3]
  • Crypto-production equipment: Equipment used to produce or load keying material
  • Authentication equipment:

DoD Electronic Key Management System[edit]

The Electronic Key Management System (EKMS) is a United States Department of Defense (DoD) key management, COMSEC material distribution, and logistics support system. The National Security Agency (NSA) established the EKMS program to supply electronic key to COMSEC devices in securely and timely manner, and to provide COMSEC managers with an automated system capable of ordering, generation, production, distribution, storage, security accounting, and access control.

The Army's platform in the four-tiered EKMS, AKMS, automates frequency management and COMSEC management operations. It eliminates paper keying material, hardcopy SOI, and associated time and resource-intensive courier distribution. It has 4 components:

  • LCMS provides automation for the detailed accounting required for every COMSEC account, and electronic key generation and distribution capability.
  • ACES is the frequency management portion of AKMS. ACES has been designated by the Military Communications Electronics Board as the joint standard for use by all services in development of frequency management and cryptonet planning.
  • CT3 with DTD software is in a fielded, ruggedized hand-held device that handles, views, stores, and loads SOI, Key, and electronic protection data. DTD provides an improved net-control device to automate crypto-net control operations for communications networks employing electronically keyed COMSEC equipment.
  • SKL is a hand-held PDA that handles, views, stores, and loads SOI, Key, and electronic protection data.

Key Management Infrastructure (KMI) Program[edit]

KMI is intended to replace the legacy Electronic Key Management System to provide a means for securely ordering, generating, producing, distributing, managing, and auditing cryptographic products (e.g., asymmetric keys, symmetric keys, manual cryptographic systems, and cryptographic applications). This system is currently being fielded by Major Commands and variants will be required for non-DoD Agencies with a COMSEC Mission.[4]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Secure Telephone Unit

  1. ^ ab'AIR FORCE AIR INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE AND RECONNAISSANCE AGENCY INSTRUCTION 33-203'(PDF). The Air Force ISR Agency Tempest and Emission Security Program. Air Force Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Agency. May 25, 2011. Archived from the original(PDF) on October 20, 2013. Retrieved October 3, 2015.
  2. ^USCENTCOM PL 117-02-1.
  3. ^INFOSEC-99
  4. ^http://www.dote.osd.mil/pub/reports/FY2013/pdf/dod/2013kmi.pdf
  • This article incorporates public domain material from the General Services Administration document: 'Federal Standard 1037C'. (in support of MIL-STD-188)
  • This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Department of Defense document: 'Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms'.
  • 'INFORMATION SECURITY GUIDELINES FOR THE DEPLOYMENT OF DEPLOYABLE SWITCHED SYSTEMS'(PDF). Joint Staff. February 1, 2001. Archived from the original(PDF) on September 16, 2012.
  • 'Communications Security (COMSEC) awareness training'. U.S. ARMY SIGNAL CENTER AND FORT GORDON. April 17, 2000. Archived from the original on March 30, 2009.
  • 'Army Key Management Systems (AKMS)'. Project Manager NETOPS Current Force. Archived from the original on September 30, 2010.
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